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docs/how-tos/SMB-CIFS-&-NFS/CIFS.md

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+# CIFS (Common Internet File System)
+
+## What is CIFS?
+
+**CIFS (Common Internet File System)** is a network protocol that allows clients to communicate with servers and access file sharing and print services as if they were stored locally. 
+
+The CIFS protocol is a particular implementation -- or dialect-- of the file-sharing protocol **SMB (Server Message Block)**. The Server Message Block protocol was released by IBM in 1983 that has since undergone several modifications to its functionality by Microsoft. 
+
+There is often confusion between the terms "CIFS" and "SMB" because the terms are often used interchangeably but there is a difference between CIFS and SMB. CIFS (sometimes called “CIFS/SMB”) actually refers to a specific dialect of SMB and not the SMB protocol generically. 
+
+## How Does CIFS Work?
+
+The CIFS protocol enables file shares (or CIFS shares) between computers on a network. CIFS operates through NetBIOS over the TCP/IP protocol, mostly on older Windows versions and a range of network-attached storage (NAS) systems. 
+
+CIFS can also operate with other protocols, including File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
+
+CIFS works through a client-server model, defined by three main entities: a Client, Server, and Application – through which the client can access CIFS services.
+
+The CIFS client-server model works as follows: 
+
+1. The client sends a request to the server.
+
+2. The server completes the request.
+
+3. The server responds to the client.
+
+## CIFS Functionality
+
+- **Transport independence**: CIFS has no requirements for the transport protocol passing messages between the client and server. The protocol is usually transported over a connection-orientated protocol and can also operate through connectionless protocols.
+
+- **Flexible connectivity**: A single can make multiple connections across multiple servers. 
+Feature negotiation: The CIFS dialect and supported set of features are negotiated on a per-connection basis.
+
+- **Resource access**:  CIFS clients have concurrent access to shared resources like files, named pipes, and print cues on the target server.
+
+- **Security contexts**: If necessary, clients can create more than one security context over their connection.
+
+- **File access**: As the server manages file sharing, several clients can access the same file at the same time.
+
+- **Extended subprotocols**: CIFS can be used alongside a set of protocols that enable enhanced server functionality. 
+
+- **Named pipe interprocess communication**: Clients can access named pipes, which act as a line of communication between the client and server. 
+
+- **File and record locking, and safe caching**: Clients can cache data through opportunistic locking, which enhances network performance. The protocol also supports file and record locking.
+
+- **File, directory, and volume attributes**: The CIFS specification enables clients to query, and set - file, directory, and volume attributes. CIFS also has Access Control Lists (ACLs) compatibility. 
+
+- **File and directory change notification**: Clients can request notification when file changes are made within a server directory or directory tree. 
+
+- **Batched commands**: CIFS AndX messages can be chained together and executed in sequence on the server, avoiding multiple message round-trips.
+
+- **Distributed File System (DFS) support**: DFS allows consistent object naming across different servers and shares.
+
+- **Remote Procedure Call (RPC) transport**: CIFS provides transport authentication across RPC protocols, like RPC [MS-RPCE] and RAP [MS-RAP].
+
+- **Message verification**: CFES uses message signing to prevent messages from being modified in transit.
+
+- **Unicode file name support**: CIFS extends support to ASCII character sets and long Unicode file names.
+
+## CIFS Uses
+
+CIFS is an early version of the SMB protocol that facilitates file sharing between Microsoft Windows clients, for example, through Windows For Workgroups. SMB was originally designed to allow clients to remotely read and write files over a local area network (LAN).
+
+Clients can also use Samba to configure CIFS on other operating systems, like Linux and Unix.
+
+Samba enables file sharing and print services, authentication and authorization, name resolution (such as DNS), and service announcements between Linux/Unix servers and Windows clients. 
+
+CIFS users can use Samba to communicate between Apple’s OS X and Windows file shares. 
+
+CIFS is also compatible with Windows Server Domain, Active Directory, and Windows NT.

docs/how-tos/SMB-CIFS-&-NFS/NFS.md

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+# CIFS (Common Internet File System)
+
+## What is NFS?
+
+CIFS (Common Internet File System) is defined as a network protocol that is used for accessing or sharing files over a network. It defines the way in which the files are stored and retrieved from storage devices across networks. The Network File System is defined by the NFS protocol. It utilizes Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) which allows routing requests between clients and servers. For communication purposes, it uses the **TCP/IP**. It is an application layer protocol.
+
+## How Does NFS Work?
+
+Network File System is a distributed file system protocol that helps the user to access the files over a network. Here is a brief description of how the Network File System works.
+
+### Client-Server Architecture
+
+Network File System works on a client-server architecture. In this architecture, the server hosts the file system which will be shared and the client can access those shared files.
+
+### Mounting File Systems
+
+When the user wants to access the files from the **NFS** server, they need to connect to the server file's system. With the help of this connection, the accessing of files became easier as they are located on the local computer.
+
+### Communication Protocol
+
+Network File System takes use of Remote Procedure Call (RPC) to establish communication between the client and the server. Due to this client are allowed to send requests for performing operations on files.
+
+### File Access
+
+Once the connection get established with the server file system, they can perform operations or interact with the files as they are located on the local computer.
+
+### Security
+
+It takes help of various security mechanisms to have controlled access to the files. It offers security features like user authentication, file permissions, etc.
+
+### Performance
+
+Network File System is designed to work fast and be efficient. With the help of various caching machanisms, it can reduce the traffic on the network and improve the performance.
+
+## Benefits of NFS
+
+   - The Network File System allows local access to remote files.
+   - It is a very easy to use protocol.
+   - It offers great scalability so that a large number of users can connect to a single server.
+   - For new files, there is no need for manual refresh.
+   - It is a reliable protocol which can handle network problems without losing the data.
+   - It offers a variety of security features to protect our network from failure or attacks.
+
+## Limitations of NFS
+
+   - The setup and configuration of Network File System is complex for those users who don't have knowledge of it.
+   - There is dependence on Remote procedure calls to perform all of its operations.
+   - It is vulnerable to internal threats.
+   - It is difficult to accommodate large numbers of user at one time.
+   - It has no load balancing.

docs/how-tos/SMB-CIFS-&-NFS/SMB.md

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+# SMB (Server Message Block)
+
+## What is SMB?
+
+SMB (Server Message Block) is a network protocol used for file transfer, print services, and network browsing across a local area network (LAN). Developed by IBM in 1983, the protocol allows devices to communicate with remote computers and servers through a client-server approach. 
+
+Since its release, Microsoft has made many changes to SMB, such as merging the file server protocol with the network operating system LAN Manager. This addition enabled computers to access remote Windows file sharing on a network as if it were a local hard drive disk. Subsequent dialects have seen improvements to SMB’s security and performance. 
+
+## SMB Versions
+
+- **SMB 2.0**: Released with Windows Vista in 2006. The 2.0 specification includes additional features, such as Wide Area Network (WAN) acceleration support, and reducing client-server latency, i.e., the “chattiness” of the original SMB/CIFS.
+ 
+- **SMB 2.1**: Introduced with Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2, bringing enhanced efficiency for caching and performance.
+- **SMB 3.0**: Came out with Windows 8 in 2012, with many changes. Notable updates include end-to-end encryption, SMB Multichannel to facilitate multiple connections in SMB sessions, SMB Direct to allow SMB 3 traffic over RDMA.
+
+- **SMB 3.02**: Released alongside Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 in 2014, allowing users to disable SMB 1.0 to enhance security.
+
+- **SMB 3.1.1**: Introduced in 2015 with Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016, adding many security enhancements, such as stronger encryption, session verification, and protection against man-in-the-middle attacks
+   
+## Functionalities
+
+- **Network Performance**
+
+Among other improvements like caching and increased storage size, SMB 2.0 added support for Wide Area Network (WAN) acceleration. 
+
+Version 3.0 introduced SMB Multichannel, reducing latency and improving network efficiency and performance
+
+- **Usability**
+
+SMB improved practicality and simplicity by reducing these commands to just nineteen.
+
+- **Security Mechanisms**
+
+SMB 2.0.2 came with pre-authentication integrity and is not vulnerable to NotPetya and WannaCry.
+
+SMB 3.0 introduced the encryption algorithm Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)-cipher-based message authentication code (CMAC). This addition has helped reduce the protocol’s exposure to cybersecurity risks like man-in-the-middle attacks by protecting sensitive data in transit.

docs/how-tos/Send_emails_from_a_different_address_or_alias.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Tip: You can send Gmails from up to 99 different email addresses
 3. Click the **Accounts and import** or **Accounts** tab
 ![alt text](ace.jpg)
 
-4. In the "Send mail as" section, click **0Add another email address**
+4. In the "Send mail as" section, click **Add another email address**
 ![alt text](acf.jpg)
 
 5. Enter your name and address you want to send from.